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EDUCATION |
FORMS|
FUELS
| ISSUES |
NUCLEAR | RENEWABLE
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ENERGY OVERVIEW
Annenberg Media. (1997-2009). Workshop 1. What is energy? Science in Focus: Energy. Retrieved January 10, 2009, from http://www.learner.org/workshops/energy/workshop1/ [Includes forms and Rube Goldberg example.]
Cleveland, C.J. & Kaufmann, R. (2008). Fundamental principles of energy. In Encyclopedia of Earth Cutler J. Cleveland (Ed., Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http://communities.earthportal.org/EPCommunity/articles/view/134918/
Energy Information Administration. (2008). Annual Energy Review 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2009, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/overview.html
ENERGY CONSERVATION
U.S. Department of Energy. (2008, October). Energy savers booklet: Tips on saving energy & money at home. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/tips/pdfs/energy_savers.pdf
ENERGY METRICS
Cleveland, C.J. & Saundry, P. (2007). Ten fundamental principles of net energy. In Encyclopedia of Earth. Cutler J. Cleveland (Ed., Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). Retrieved November 19, 2008, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Ten_fundamental_principles_of_net_energy
Cleveland, C. & Costanza, R. (2006). Energy return on investment (EROI). In Encyclopedia of Earth. Cutler J. Cleveland (Ed., Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). Retrieved November 19, 2008 from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_return_on_investment_(EROI)
COAL
Clean Coal: America's Energy Strength describes several innovative technologies for burning coal while minimizing hazardous air emissions.
Coal & Natural Gas Electric Power Systems are described by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Fuel.
D'Aquino, R. (2003, August). Update: Zero-emission power generation-Pure rocket science. CEP. Retrieved January 25, 2008, from http://www.aiche.org/uploadedFiles/Students/DepartmentUploads/080308.pdf
The Challenge of Coal Preparation is described by Anthony G. Fonseca (n.d.) at CONSOL, Inc.
Energy Information Administration provides the official coal statistics for the U.S. Government.
Fluidized Bed Combustion is described by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Fuel.
Gasification technology is described by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Fuel.
Kentucky Coal Council and the Kentucky Coal Association support educational pages at coaleducation.org. The Coal into Kilowatts image and the Coal Properties/Improvements description is especially informative.
Mineral Information Institute offers a good description of Mine Reclamation and images of surface mining techniques.
Mitchell, K. (2009, May 5). Indiana Debates 'Clean Coal' Technology [Video]. WTIU. Retrieved June 24, 2009, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N56cA7PSbF0
Mountain top removal is an extraction method with untold environmental and societal costs as evidenced by the EPA's own language when it refers to the practice as an "irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources" (EPA, 2003, http://www.epa.gov/region03/mtntop/pdf/IV.Environmental%20Consequences.pdf). The MidAtlantic Mountain Top Mining Draft Environmental Statement can be found at http://www.epa.gov/region03/mtntop/eis.htm
Coal-fired electric generating plants are the #1 emitters of mercury in the U.S.? Estimates for Indiana in 2002 were 48.5 Mg/year (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).
The National Mining Association presents a video overview of Clean Coal Technology.
World Coal Institute offers descriptions of Technology Developments in Coal and its Use
CARBON CAPTURE & SEQUESTRATION
American Electric Power. (2009). Carbon capture & storage [video]. Retrieved from http://www.aep.com/environmental/climatechange/carboncapture/
DISASTERS
Dewan, S. (2008). Coal Ash Spill Revives Issue of Its Hazards. The New York Times. Retrieved January 10, 2009, from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/25/us/25sludge.html?_r=2&pagewanted=1&ref=us
ETHANOL- See Renewables
HYDROGEN - See Renewables
NATURAL GAS
American Gas Association provides a variety of online resources, including:
From Wellhead to Burner Tip, a description of the extraction and delivery process.
What is Natural Gas?, a description of the resource.
Enterprise Products Partners L.P. "is the second largest publicly traded midstream energy partnership in North America with an enterprise value of approximately $7.0 billion. It provides natural gas transportation, processing and storage services, and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”) fractionation (separation), transportation, storage and import/export terminaling services to producers and consumers of natural gas and NGLs."
Natural Gas Supply Association maintains this educational website covering a variety of topics related to the natural gas industry. The purpose of this website is to provide visitors with a comprehensive information source for topics related to natural gas, and present an unbiased learning tool for students, teachers, industry, media, and government.
Natural Gas.org offers a good description of the technological processes used from extraction to marketing including Exploration and Extraction.
Natural Gas Pipeline
Energy Information Administration. (1998). Deliverability on the Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline System. Retrieved January 12, 2004, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_publications/deliverability/deliver.html
Society of Petroleum Engineers offers many online resources, including:
The Strategic Center for Natural Gas, National Energy Technology Lab, U.S. Department of Energy describes the transmission, distribution, and storage of natural gas.
PETROLEUM
Adventures in Energy is a tutorial that provides an overview of the life cycle of oil and natural gas.
American Petroleum Institute presents educational materials in All About Petroleum, including Seismic Technology, Directional Drilling, and Deepwater Drillships.
British Petroleum p.l.c. offers several publications with educational value, including:
The Energy Business Booklets, such as:
Frontiers, a very informative look at petroleum exploration and drilling technology, such as:
Surveys in silicon (wide and multi-azimuth seismic exploration technology)
Chevron offers a description of a refinery, aviation fuels, and processing crude oil (which includes distillation, cracking, treating, and reforming.
Exxon describes the properties of diesel fuel.
Howstuffworks
Marshall Brain describes "What is gasoline?" and "What is octane?"
Craig C. Freudenrich describes "How oil drilling works" and "How oil refining works"
Marine Energy is an Grade 7-12 instructional unit that purports to inform students about the energy sources available on the outer shelf of the North American continent. Other instructional materials are available from The NEED Project.
The Petroleum Museum offers a variety of educational materials including Parts of an Oil Drilling Rig
Pipeline 101 is an introductory resource for energy pipeline information.
Schlumberger presents The Oilfield Glossary.
Shell Oil Company offers several educational resources, including Changing Marine Organism Blues and Story of Oil.
Safety Awareness animation [video]. Offshore oil & gas development. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://offshoreman.net/oil-gas-jobs/safety-awareness-animation/safety-health-environment/668/
Scripps Instituion of Oceanography offers an animation of seismic exploration at http://marineemlab.ucsd.edu/resources/concepts/seismicsalt.html
Society of Petroleum Engineers offers many online resources, including Horizontal and Multilateral Wells.
Surburban Emergency Management Project. (2008). Canada's "unconventional" oil fields' contribution to US energy supply.Bio Report #496, February 9, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=496
U.S. Department of Energy's Fossil Fuel.gov describes the Enhanced Oil Recovery/CO2 Injection and the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
URANIUM, see also NUCLEAR
WISE Uranium Project. (2003). Impacts of uranium in-situ leaching. Retrieved April 30, 2004, from http://www.antenna.nl/wise/uranium/uisl.html
Energy Information Administration, U.S.D.O.E. (2003.). U.S. Uranium Mine Production and Number of Mines and Sources, 1993-2002. Retrieved April 24, 2004, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/uia/tablee04.html
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American Nuclear Society "is a not-for-profit, international, scientific and educational organization. It was established by a group of individuals who recognized the need to unify the professional activities within the diverse fields of nuclear science and technology."
Brain, M. explains How Nuclear Power Works
County Board Dilemma: Low-Level Nuclear Waste Dump for Your Town? is a problem-based Web Quest produced by Carl J. Wenning.
Museum of Science. (2008). Pebble Bed Reactors [Podcast]. SciTech Today. Boston, MA: The Museum of Science. Retrieved October 28, 2008, from http://www.mos.org/events_activities/videocasts&d=2661
Submarine Power & Propulsion: Nuclear Reactor is describe at the National Museum of Natural History
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) "is an independent agency established by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 to regulate civilian use of nuclear materials."
The Uranium SA Website is supported by the South Australian Chamber of Mines and Energy
World Nuclear Power Reactors are listed at the Uranium Information Center.
Yucca Mountain Project attempted to "determine if Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is a suitable site for a spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste repository."
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RENEWABLE Energy Sources and Technology
Scientific American Online provides resources on alternative energy at http://www.sciam.com/report.cfm?id=alternative-energy
ANALYSIS TOOLS
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2008-2000). HOMER: The Optimization Model for Distributed Power [Computer application]. Available at https://analysis.nrel.gov/homer/
BIOMASS
Lemley, B. (2006). Anything into oil. Discover, 27(4). Retrieved August 17, 2006, from http://www.discover.com/issues/apr-06/features/anything-oil/
Science Podcasts. (2006, January 27). Biofuels (18:09-29:30). Retrieved January 13, 2007, from http://www.sciencemag.org/about/podcast.dtl
BIOREACTORS
Valcent Products Inc. provides a photo gallery and a video describing their bioreactors.
BIOFUELS: ETHANOL
American Coalition for Ethanol offers an online learning center about Ethanol.
Canadian Renewable Fuels Association offers several resources on ethanol production and use.
Northwest Iowa Community College offers an online primer to Ethanol as a Fuel. This site describes laboratory activities and offers a short quiz.
- EarthTrends Update March 2007: Global Biofuels Trends. "EarthTrends is a comprehensive online database, maintained by the World Resources Institute, that focuses on the environmental, social, and economic trends that shape our world."
Renewable Fuels Association is a national trade association for the U.S. fuel ethanol industry. This site describes How Ethanol is Made and identifies U.S. Ethanol Production Facilities.
Transportation Technology R&D Center, Argonne National Laboratory, describes the concerns of Using Ethanol as a Vehicle Fuel and the Ethanol Vehicle Challenge.
Western Plains Energy LLC. provides a concise overview of how ethanol is made.
Codiana, A. (2009, January 29). Obama and energy, the ethanol dilemma [video]. NBC News Online.msnbc.com. Retrieved January 30, 2009, form http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032619/#28735395
HYDRO Technology
Hydropower -- Energy from Moving Water
Small Hydroelectric Plants (1978). Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service, Cooperative Extension Services of the Northeast Land Grant Universities and the United States Department of Agriculture.
Walk through a Hydroelectric project. Foundation for Water & Energy Education. Retrieved from http://www.fwee.org/walk.html
Make your own hydropower: Classroom Curriculum and Assembly Guide. Foundation for Water & Energy Education. Retrieved from http://www.fwee.org/TG/wpmodel.html
Ballard offers a nice animation of "How a Fuel Cell Works"
The U.S. Department of Energy supports research and programs about Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies, Hydrogen Production Technologies and the Fuel Cell Information Guide.
Fuel Cell 2000 describes the basic types of fuel cells and offers a state-by-state interactive map of fuel cell applications. The information resources are also quite extensive.
Fuel Cells for Transportation Applications is a presentation presented by P. Davis.
U.S. Department of Energy. (February 2003). Fuel cell report to Congress. Report: ESECS EE-1973. Retrieved April 18, 2004, from http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/fc_report_congress_feb2003.pdf
Hydrogen Fueling Stations: A vision of the California Fuel Cell Partnership.
Spath, P.L. & Mann, M.K. (2001). Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production via natural gas steam reforming. Golden, CO: Natural Renewable Energy Lab. NREL/TP-570-27637. Retrieved April 18, 2004, from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/27637.pdf
ThermoChem Recovery International, Inc. describes steam reforming using biomass, see http://www.tri-inc.net/hydrogen.htm
New Jersey Hydrogen Learning Center presents Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Basics
Solomon's PowerPoint Presentation on Hydrogen includes a pipeline map at http://www.eere.energy.gov/de/pdfs/road_shows/sturbridge_hydrogen.pdf
Science Podcast (2007, January 12). Fuel Cell Research (9:28-??). Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/about/podcast.dtl
CBC Video of News: Green Cars at http://video.google.com/url?docid=4438732545348204352&esrc=gvpl&ev=v&q=%22usability+test%22&vidurl=http://video.google.com/videoplay%3Fdocid%3D4438732545348204352%26q%3D%2522usability%2Btest%2522&usg=AL29H21uzNQINzdCL4iH_YBfba2ObMPb9A
See the electrolysis experiment called Got Gas? at Try Science.
GEOTHERMAL
Alliant Energy provides an informative sight about geothermal heat pumps.
Duffield, W.A. & Sass, J.H. (2003). Geothermal energy: Clean power from the earth's heat. U.S. Geological Service. Retrieved February 28, 2004 from http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/circular/c1249/C1249.pdf
GeoExchange Systems provides an overview of heat pumps and several videos.
The Geothermal Energy Program provides a good introduction to geothermal technology especially geothermal heat pumps.
According to the First Gen Corporation, Leyte Geothermal Production Field in the Philippines is one of the largest wet steam producing fields in the world.
Williamson, M. (2006). Principles of geothermal [PowerPoint]. Available at http://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/conference/documents/Michael_Williamson.ppt
SOLAR ENERGY and TECHNOLOGY
FirstSolar. (2009). Product lifecycle. Retrieved January 9, 2009, from, http://www.firstsolar.com/product_lifecycle.php
Introduction to Solar Photovoltaics [Video]. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http://www.metacafe.com/watch/yt-2mCTSV2f36A/introduction_to_solar_photovoltaics/
solarbuzz provides data on global solar markets and supply developments.
Tucson Electric Power currently has 4.6MW of solar at the Springerville Generating Station Solar System (SGSSS) in northeastern Arizona, generating enough power for 727 homes annually. See http://www.tep.com/Green/GreenWatts/solaroutput.asp
U.S. Department of Energy. (2003). About photovoltaics: Turning sunlight into electricity. How it all works: Solar cell animation. Available from http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/animations.html
Wee-Energies. (2007). What is renewable energy? Available at http://www.we-energies.com/educators/renew/renew_pres/we_renewables.swf
Curriculum & Instruction
(1999-2000). Solar energy. Secondary Energy Infobook. Herndon, VA: The NEED Project. Accessed on March 7, 2003 from http://www.need.org/needpdf/SOLARSecondary.pdf
www.infinitepower.org offers lesson plans for student in elementary through high school, such as:
- The Future's Channel presents Get Your Red-Hot Solar Panels!, a lesson plan, and Making Sparks, a video, which examines solar cells.
Physics of Light
The Physics Classroom and Mathsoft Engineering & Education, Inc offers tutorials on Light Waves and Color
Molecular Expressions' Electromagnetic Radiation and the physics of Light and Color.
Projects, Activities, Do-It-Yourself
Reysa, G. (2006). Build it solar [Solar cooking, food drying and root cellars]. Retrieved http://www.builditsolar.com/index.htm
Make a solar cell in your kitchen
Solar cars and other models from SunWind
The Future's Channel presents Solar Eagle Project. Using the energy it takes to run a hair dryer, engineering students developed a solar-powered car which travels at speeds of 50 to 65 mph.
Scanlin, D. (2000). Build your own PV combiner box. Home Power, September 2000. 52-56. Retrieved January 26, 2008, from http://www.at.appstate.edu/documents/Building%20a%20Combiner%20Box.pdf
ABC Science Online. (2005). Lesson Plan 9: Mini Water Cycle. http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/pdf/lesson_plan09.pdf
Vignola, F., Hocken, J., & Grace, G. (2000). PV in schools. Oregon Million Solar Roofs Coalition. Retrieved March 17, 2009, from http://solardat.uoregon.edu/download/Lessons/PVLessonPlan2SolarElectricArrays.pdf
Erickson, D., & Vignola, F. (2007). Experiments with photovoltaic cells. University of Oregon, Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory. Retrieved March 17, 2009, from http://solardat.uoregon.edu/download/Lessons/Experiments_with_PV_Cells.pdf
Vignola, F., Hocken, J., & Grace, G. (2000). PV Lesson 1: Solar cells. Oregon Million Solar Roofs Coalition. Retrieved March 17, 2009, from http://solardat.uoregon.edu/download/Lessons/PVLessonPlan1SolarCells.pdf
Geographical Data
U.S. Solar Radiation Resource Maps.
These maps show the general trends in the amount of solar radiation received in the United States and its territories. They are spatial interpolations of solar radiation values derived from the 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) and published in the Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat-Plate and Concentrating Collectors.
Sun or Moon Azimuth and Altitude Table for One Day
Look-up Latitude and Longitude - USAAstronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory provides a lookup service to provide precise astronomical data including the altitude and azimuth values for a given location.
National Geophysical Data Center calculates the estimated value of magnetic declination.
University of Oregon, Solar Radiation Monitoring Laboratory provides the Sun Path Chart Program at http://solardat.uoregon.edu/SunChartProgram.html
Photovoltaics
The Futures Channel presents Making Sparks and Solar Powered Cars.
The Environmental Defense Fund presents several video clips exploring alternative energy technology including Solar and Biofuels.
U.S. Department of Energy offers a variety of resources about solar energy:
About Photovoltaics describes how a photovoltaic cell works in this video clip.
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Solar Topics
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Photographic Information Exchange
Albany Nanotech describes Advanced Photovoltaic Technology
The Molecular Expressions site maintaining by the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory offers a variety of simulations and animations as Java Applets. The Solar Cell Operation is especially informative.
European Commission (n.d.). Introduction to photovoltaics. Retrieved May 28, 2007, from http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/nn/nn_rt/nn_rt_pv/article_1105_en.htm
Flasolar.com presents Photovoltaics: Solar electric
NEED offers Photovoltaics: Teachers Guide
FVG Energy provides the Photovoltaic Guide
Chasteen, S. & Chaddha, R. (2007). Saved by the Sun: Inside a solar cell. Nova. Retrieved February 8, 2008, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/solar/
Lesson Plan: Solar electricity. The colour sensitivity of a photovoltaic cell. Available from http://www.re-energy.ca/pdf/solar-electricity-lp.pdf
Spinks, P. (1990, September 22). Plug into the sun: Rising oil prices have renewed interest in solar energy. New Scientist, 1735. Retrieve February 9, 2008, from http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12717354.100-plug-into-the-sun-rising-oil-prices-have-renewed-interestin-solar-energy-this-time-say-some-researchers-we-should-focus-on-waysofconverting-the-suns-power-into-heat-rather-than-electricity-.html
Residential Applications
BP Solar North America offers home solar solutions.
Net Metering Systems are explained by Southwestern Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Inc.
FVG Energy offers power film (rollable) and photovoltaic modules.
Solar Thermal
Heating, Oven's, and Solar Cooking Technology
The Solar Cooker Archive describes at several types of economical solar technologies including box cookers.
The Sun Pan
S.E. Jones (2001) illustrates how to make the The Solar Funnel Cooker.
Parabolic-Trough Solar Water Heating is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Purdue University's Cooperative Extension Service describes several solar heating applications relevant to Indiana's farmers and ranchers.
Homes: Residential Applications
High Performance Building of the Zion Visitor Center
Transportation
Flying with Nature's Own Fuel describes the Jet Propulsion Laboratories vision of a solar sail.
SOLAR PRODUCTS: COMMERCIAL
ETA Engineering offers solar hot water and PV systems.
American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) advocates "the development of wind energy as a reliable, environmentally superior energy alternative in the United States and around the world." AWEA's Small Wind Systems Slide Show is an educational PowerPoint presentation.
Danish Wind Energy Association
Exelon is a private energy company that is currently building the largest wind power generation station, Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, east of the Mississippi River.
The Futures Channel presents Wind Farming
Krohn, S. (Ed.). (2001). The energy balance of modern wind turbines. Wind Power Note, 16. Retrieved January 1, 2009, from http://www.windpower.org/media(444,1033)/The_energy_balance_of_modern_wind_turbines%2C_1997.pdf
www.InfinitePower.org is a a project of the Texas State Energy Conservation Office. This site offers fact sheets about wind energy, such as Wind Power Basics, as well as lesson plans for teachers.
Sagrillo, M. (1990). So you want to build a wind generator? Home Power, 17. Available http://www.awea.org/faq/brew/hp-brew1.html
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports education and research on wind technology in the following programs:
Wind Energy Program The U.S. DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy "manages the federal wind energy program in accordance with national energy policy." The site offers several educational media exhibits, including:
National Wind Technology Center "is a world-class research facility managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. NWTC researchers work with members of the wind energy industry to advance wind power technologies that lower the cost of wind energy through the research and development of state-of-the-art wind turbine designs." The NWTC Web site includes the following resources:
d'Emil, B., Jacobsen, M., Jensen, M.S., Krohn, S., Petersen, K., & Sandstrøm, K. (2001). Wind with Miller [CBI]. Vindmølleindustrien. Available at http://www.windpower.org/en/kids/index.htm
Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States
LESSON PLANS & ACTIVITIES
The Futures Channel presents The Wind Business, a video, and Energy From Thin Air, a lesson plan.
Running on Renewables. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/psu06-e21.sci.renewables/ [Registration required.]
VIDEO
Wind Story [Flash Interactive]. Retrieved August 29, 2008, from Teachers Domain at http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/psu06-e21_int_windstory/
Electricity from Wind [QuickTime Video 6:36 min.]. Retrieved August 29, 2008 from Teachers Domain: Running on Renewables at http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/psu06-e21_vid_wind/
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ELECTRICITY
The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (D.O.E.) is to foster a secure and reliable energy system that is environmentally and economically sustainable, to be a responsible steward of the Nation's nuclear weapons, to clean up our own facilities and to support continued United States leadership in science and technology.
The Energy Information Administration (EIA) offers many online resources including:
The Changing Structure of the Electric Power Industry 2000: An Update
The mission of the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) is to develop, implement, and enforce standards for a reliable North American bulk electric system.
The Visions Of Power: Image & Advertisement Galleries is maintained by the Smithsonian Institution.
Delmar Learning. (2004). Ohms Law [Power Point]. Available http://www.d155.org/cg/acad/tech/documents/25
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
U.S. Department of Energy has a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program.
Samara, C, & Meisterline, K. (2008). Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from plug-in hybrid vehicles: Implications for policy. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(9), 3170-3176. Retrieved December 14, 2008,f rom http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es702178s?cookieSet=1
FUEL CELLS
Fuel Cell Today is a global Internet portal for companies and individuals with an interest in the commercialization of fuel cells. The press packet provides very good descriptions of the history and types of fuel cells. The Education Kit offers descriptions of how a fuel cell works.
The Smithsonian National Museum of American History explains the history and types of fuel cells. It is available at...
http://americanhistory.si.edu/csr/fuelcells/index.htmINSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS for ELECTRICITY/ELECTRONICS
Floyd, T. L. (2008). Principles of electric circuits. Companion Website. Prentice Hall. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_floyd_principles_7/4/1272/325652.cw/index.html
Hoppe shares a variety of learning objects to support an exploration of electrical circuits at http://cws.gtc.edu/programs/objects/electronics.htm and http://cws.gtc.edu/programs/objects/camtasia.htm
Krupczak, J.J. (2001). The electric motor. Hope College. Retrieved May 26, 2009, from http://www.hope.edu/academic/engineering/labs/Electric_Motor_2/Electric_Motor.html
Reeder, N. (n.d.). EET 114 Basic electronic measurements. Sinclair Community College. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://people.sinclair.edu/nickreeder/eet114.htm
HEAT Technologies and Systems
NEED offers the Thermodynamics Teacher Guide
Pratt, J. (n.d.). Energy R-Factor. Environmental Science Activities for the 21st Century. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http://esa21.kennesaw.edu/activities/rfactor/rfactor.pdf
Utzinger, M. & Wasley, J. (1997). Building Balance Point. Vital Signs Curriculum Materials Project. University of California-Berkley. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http://arch.ced.berkeley.edu/vitalsigns/res/downloads/rp/balance_point/balance_point_sml.pdf
Design of the thermal environment.
Heating, Cooling, and Air Conditioning
The Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) presents several resources that explain how air conditioning works, including a video entitled Stay Cool! How Conditioning Works.
Heat pumps are described by:
the Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium in a video presentation.
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) in its presentation of How a Heat Pump Works
Lienhard, IV, J.H. & Lienhard III, J.H. (n.d.). A heat transfer textbook (3rd Ed.). Retrieved March 28, 2005, from http://web.mit.edu/lienhard/www/ahtt.html
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is explained by the National Renewable Energy Lab, the State Government of Hawaii
Insulation is described by the Building Envelope Research project of the Department of Energy in their Insulation Fact Sheet.
Heating Degree Data Weekly Forecast and a graph of Heating Degree Days by Month and Region
Peoples, J.W. & The Citadel and KryoTech, Inc. (2001). Vapor Compression Cooling for High Performance Applications. Electronics Cooling Online. Available from http://www.electronics-cooling.com/html/2001_august_a1.html
Engines
Stirling Engine
American Stirling Company is a distributor of Stirling engines.
Matt Keveney's animated engines include excellent examples of internal and external combustion, rotary, and stirling.
Koichi Hirata describes a Technology Education project where students build a model stirling engine boat.
Nice, K. explains How Stirling Engines Work
Turbine Engine
Rolls-Royce presents The modern gas turbine: How it works and how it's built and How a gas turbine works
NASA's Turbojet Engine and the Animated Gas Turbine.
EngineSim Version 1.6e is a simulation program which allows the user to "investigate how a turbine (or jet) engine produces thrust by changing the values of different engine parameters".
RangeGames Version 1.3 is a simulation game where you control a jet aircraft and work problems related to aircraft range, weight, or the motion of the aircraft as predicted by Newton's Second Law of motion.
Zandonella, C. (2001, April 02). UC Berkeley researchers create world's smallest rotary internal combustion engine. University of California: Campus News. Accessed on January 15, 2003 from http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2001/04/02_engin.html
Refrigeration
Refrigerant Properties and Characteristics: Ammonia, Freon-12 & Freon-22
FLUID POWER
Integrated Publishing. Fluid Power - Intro to Hydraulics, Pneumatics, and how it all works. Engine Mechanics. Retrieved January 27, 2009, from http://www.tpub.com/content/engine/14105/index.htm
HYDRAULICS
Brain. M. (2005). How hydraulic machines work. Retrieved January 25, 2005, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/hydraulic.htm
This lesson plan describes how to manufacture a hydraulic robotic arm using syringes: http://www.bc.k12.pa.us/science_technology/Technology/3.1/Robotics.htm
National Fluid Power Association. (n.d.). Fundamentals of Hydraulics [Video Tutorial]. Author. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from http://www.nfpa.com/Education/Edu_LearningOpps_SelfPacedFundamentalsHyd.asp
NASA's support materials address Pascal's Principle
Hyperphysics offers a clickable concept map on hydraulics, which links to descriptions of pressure, buoyancy, Pascal's Principle, and Bernoulli's Equation.
LIGHT
Knisley, J. (2003). Bright ideas in lighting control. Primedia Business Magazines and Media. Retrieved April 28, 2004, from http://ecmweb.com/ar/electric_bright_ideas_lighting/
GE Consumer & Industrial Lighting. (2008). Incandescent lamps [Tutorial]. Retrieved http://www.gelighting.com/eu/resources/firstlight/module04/01.html
MECHANICAL
Chapter 4 Machines, Work, and Energy. Retrieved February 12, 2009, from http://www.holliston.k12.ma.us/high/documents/CPO-Ch-04.pdf
ASME presents The Wonderful World of Gears
Bicycle Information and Activities...
Session 10 of Design, Discovery Curriculum is Bicycle Breakdown: Systems, Components and Parts
Stump, S.L. (2000). Doing Mathematics with Bicycle Gear Ratios.
The Exploratorium presents the Science of Cycling.
HowStuffWorks: www.howstuffworks.com/bicycle.htm*
The Pedaling History Museum: www.pedalinghistory.com*
Gupta, V. (n.d.). The bicycle story. Noida, India: Vigyan Pasar. Retrieved February 12, 2009, from http://www.vidyaonline.org/arvindgupta/bicyclestoryenglish.pdf
Fansler, D. (n.d.). Physics. Lesson Plan #9. Energy, Work and Simple Machines. Retrieved February 12, 2009, from http://www.dv-fansler.com/Teaching/Physics/Physics%20Lesson%20Plan%2009%20-%20Energy,%20Work%20and%20Simple%20Machines%85.pdf
Ryan, V. (n.d.). Mechanisms and Gears and Pulleys. Retrieved February 12, 2009, from http://www.technologystudent.com/gears1/geardex1.htm
The bicycle: A well-engineered machine. Chapter 13 Teaching Suggestions. Glencoe. Retrieved February 12, 2009, from http://www.glencoe.com/sec/math/t_resources/lab_manual/pdfs/mac3_04/scimath_lab13.pdf
Bicycle Generators
Basic alternator/battery charging pedal generator at http://www.c-realevents.demon.co.uk/altgen/altpedgen.htm
Butcher, D. (2006). Pedal powered generator. Earth Toys emagazine. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.earthtoys.com/emagazine.php?issue_number=06.06.01&article=pedalpower
More from David Butcher at http://www.los-gatos.ca.us/davidbu/pedgen/green_virtual_gym.html
WindStream Power and human-powered generators. See http://www.windstreampower.com/Bike_Power_Generator.php
Ebenezer, J.S. (n.d.). Standard bicycle with pedal power attachment. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.villagevolunteers.org/PDFs/Travel%20Documents/Projects%20Library/Appropriate%20Technology/Standard%20Bicycle%20with%20Pedal%20Power%20Attachment.pdf
Flying Pigs: Paper Animation Kits offer several cardboard projects which demonstrate mechanisms. In addition, the web site offers animations of motion, mechanisms, and compound mechanisms.
Willis, B. (2002). Levers. Retrieved January 21, 2009, from http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/simple/machines.html
Gears-manufacturers.com describe "How Gears Work," "Gear Types," and "Gear Ratios."
HowStuffWorks.com provides a good overview of How Gears Work, How Gear Ratios Work, and Bicycle Gear Ratios.
Integrated Publishing offers a good diagram of cams being used to open and close a valve.
Introduction to Mechanisms by Zhang includes Types of Gears and Gear Trains, Cams.
NASA's Great MoonBuggy Race requires students to design and operate a human-powered "vehicle that addresses a series of engineering problems that are similar to problems faced by the original Moonbuggy team."
Sclater, N. & Chironis, N.P. (2007). Mechanisms and mechanical devices sourcebook (4th Ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill. [In BSU Library, TJ 181 .S28]
UNIT VII: WS 3b Quantitative Bar Graphs and Problems. Retrieved January 18, 2009, from http://modeling.asu.edu/Modeling-pub/Mechanics_curriculum/7-Energy/07_U7%20ws3b.pdf
PNEUMATICS
Coastal Skills Training. (n.d.). The power of compressed air. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.coastalskills.com/PDF/PNM001-WKB.pdf
Coastal Skills Training. (n.d.). The pneumatic circuit. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.coastalskills.com/PDF/PNM002-WKB.pdf
Lessons on Pneumatic Safety and Introduction to Constructing Pneumatic Circuits are presented by Gear Educational Systems, LLC.
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ORGANIZATIONS
CORPORATE, FOR-PROFIT
SHELL offers Energizing Your Future with Shell a host of educational materials for learning about energy and the energy industry.
GOVERNMENT
Energy Citations Database contains bibliographic records of energy resources from the Department of Energy (DOE), the Energy Research & Development Administration (ERDA), and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
The Energy Information Administration (EIA) is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. EIA is charged with providing objective, timely, and relevant data, analysis, and projections for the Department of Energy, other government agencies, the U.S. Congress, and the public. The EIA provides the following resources:
Annual Energy Outlook 2005. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved on August 18, 2006, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html
Annual Energy Outlook 2006 with Projections to 2003. U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved on January 12, 2004, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.html
EPA: The mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is "to protect human health and the environment. Since 1970, EPA has been working for a cleaner, healthier environment for the American people."
Links to the major environmental laws which form the basis of EPA programs can be found at http://www.epa.gov/epahome/laws.htm, including the Clean
Rules for "Control of emissions from large spark-ignition engines, and recreational engines" are available at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/url-fr/fr08no02.pdf
Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that supports the organizational procurement of green power by offering expert advise, technical support, tools and resources.
Indiana Energy Report 2007 is "a compilation of information about Indiana's consumption and production of heat, electricity, and transportation energy from a variety of fuel sources". This online resource (http://igs.indiana.edu/survey/projects/energy_report/index.htm) was developed by Indiana University's School for Public and Environmental Affairs and the Indiana Geological Survey.
The Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission is an organization of states which promotes conservation and efficient recovery of domestic oil and natural gas resources while protecting health, safety and the environment.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory offers educational resources.
he mission of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is to strengthen America's energy security, environmental quality, and economic vitality in public-private partnerships that: enhance energy efficiency and productivity; bring clean, reliable and affordable energy technologies to the marketplace; and make a difference in the everyday lives of Americans by enhancing their energy choices and their quality of life.
The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is to foster a secure and reliable energy system that is environmentally and economically sustainable, to be a responsible steward of the Nation's nuclear weapons, to clean up our own facilities and to support continued United States leadership in science and technology.
Technology Transfer Network, National Air Toxics Assessment provides illustrates the modeled ambient concentration of air toxics by U.S. county in 1996. Retrieved March 10, 2004, from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata/mapconc.html
NON-Governmental Organizations
National Energy Education Development (NEED) Project
NEED (National Energy Education Development Project), Secondary Energy Poll, Page 39-41, Blueprint for Success. In The NEED Project: Manassas, VA (
http://www.need.org/needpdf/SecondaryPoll.pdf), 2006.National Environmental Education & Training Foundation (NEETF).
NEETF, Americans' Low "Energy IQ:" A Risk to Our Energy Future/Why America Needs a Refresher Course on Energy. In National Environmental Education & Training Foundation: Washington, DC, 2002.
Wisconsin K-12 Energy Education Program and the Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education offers many educational resources including an online carbon cycle game, graduate courses, and instructions on how to build a bicycle-powered generator.
KEEP, K-12 Energy Education Program: A Conceptual Guide to K-12 Energy Education in Wisconsin. Wisconsin K-12 Energy Education Program and the Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education, a publication of the Energy Center of Wisconsin: University of Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, 2003.
Worldwatch Institute offers American Energy: The Renewable Path to Energy Security (2006). at http://images1.americanprogress.org/il80web20037/americanenergynow/AmericanEnergy.pdf
PROFESSIONAL
International Association for Energy Economics publishes The Energy Journal.
TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, Curriculum & Instruction
ACTE, Association for Career and Technical Education, is available at http://www.acteonline.org/
CTTE, Council on Technology Teacher Education, is available at http://teched.vt.edu/ctte/CTTEMain.html
ITEA, International Technology Education Association, is available at http://www.iteawww.org
STANDARDS
Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology Energy Literacy Scale as developed by Dewaters, Powers, and Graham (2007)
Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium Draft Standards
STATISTICS
Energy Information Administration provides the official energy statistics for the U.S. Government.
SCIENCE
Eric Weisstein's World of Science contains encyclopedic entries for astronomy, scientific biography, chemistry, and physics.
"The Institute for Lifecycle Energy Analysis (ILEA) is an environmental advocacy organization... that is motivated by a desire to save the maximum possible portion of Earth's biodiversity, and to maintain a healthy environment for humanity. ILEA contributes to this effort by using a method known as lifecycle energy analysis to help consumers make wise and meaningful choices when they purchase products, make their homes, work and travel. ILEA's Mission statement is: Provide United States consumers with the education and tools necessary to make purchasing and lifestyle choices that work toward a sustainable global economy."
Institute of Physics maintains the physicsweb.org
Science Toys describes how make simple toys out of household materials that demonstrate fascinating scientific principles.
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ASSESSMENT
ENERGY CONSERVATION Quizzes and Tests
Latham, R. (2009). An energy conservation quiz problem. FactsPlusLogic: A careful look at issues. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://factspluslogic.com/articles/25/an-energy-conservation-quiz-problem
National Geographic. (2009). Energy conservation quiz. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/03/energy-conservation/quiz-interactive
Wood County Electric Cooperative. (). Energy Conservation quiz. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www.wcec.org/consumer/quiz.html
CURRICULUMM
Clarkson University's Energy and the Environment Curriculum
National Energy Education Development (NEED) Project
Watson, D. (2005). FTExploring: Science and Technology. Available at http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/energy.html
DATABASES and CLEARINGHOUSES
An Energy Education Clearinghouse is maintained by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission.
ENCYCLOPEDIAS
EDUCYPEDIA is an online educational encyclopedia.
INSTRUCTION: Lesson plans and materials
Elementary
Pacific Gas and Electric describes "How our gas system works" and How our electrical system works.
Citgo Kid's Become Oil
Teachers' Domain offers an instructional unit on electric circuits which includes several projects and video clips.
NEED, National Energy Education Development Project. (2002). Drilling for oil in the ocean. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.need.org/needpdf/DrillingForOilActivities.pdf
Secondary
Annenburg Media provides several resources about energy at Learner.org, including What is energy? and Force and Work.
American Petroleum Institute presents Classroom Energy.
ChevronTexaco - Lesson Plans for Grades 6-9
ChevronTexaco - Lesson Plans for Grades 10-12
The Mechanical Advantage Of A Simple Machine
The Physics Classroom presents Work, Energy and Power.
INSTRUCTION: ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Discovery Education (2009). Let's Compare [Video]. Retrieved June 2, 2009, from http://thinkgreen.com/page/discoveryplayer.php?guid=f6e24f2b-21d5-4f3d-bbf5-
Waste Management provides several lesson plans and videos addressing energy, such as:
INSTRUCTION: Pollution
Acid Rain Quest. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.rst2.edu/ties/acidrain/
Air--The breath of life [Grade 9-12]. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.esi.utexas.edu/outreach/gk12/docs/lessons/air.pdf
Pima County Department of Environmental Quality (2006). Lesson plan: Airborne dust control presentation for youth (Grades 9-12). Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.maricopa.gov/AQ/schools/docs/pdf/Lesson%20Plan%209-12.pdf
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. (2002). Acid rain: An air pollutant [5th Grade Lesson Plan]. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.rst2.edu/ties/acidrain/PDF/10adinfo/adin4.pdf
INSTRUCTION: Project, Products, and Problems
Wisconsin K-12 Energy Education Program. (n.d.). Pedal your way to energy literacy. Retrieved March 10, 2004, from http://www.uwsp.edu/cnr/wcee/keep/acrobat/peep_energy_cycle.pdf
Koichi Hirata describes a Technology Education project where students build a model stirling engine boat.
Nichols, C.A. (1993). The tracking solar cooker. Retrieved March 12, 2004, from http://www.solarcooking.org/Cookerbo.pdf
PM Research, Inc. is a supplier that specializes in Stirling and solar engine models.
SCIFAIR.ORG, The ultimate science fair resource.
Ultra-simple electric generator is described by W. Beaty at http://amasci.com/amateur/coilgen.html
INSTRUCTION: Simulations, Games and Animations
RangeGames Version 1.3 is a simulation game where you control a jet aircraft and work problems related to aircraft range, weight, or the motion of the aircraft as predicted by Newton's Second Law of motion.
EngineSim Version 1.5b is a simulation program which allows the user to "investigate how a turbine (or jet) engine produces thrust by changing the values of different engine parameters".
Explore More: The Future of Energy provides an intriguing multimedia presentation that introduces you to energy technology and the issues associated with energy production and consumption. The site is produced by Iowa Public Television.
Hoppe shares a variety of learning objects to support an exploration of electrical circuits at http://cws.gtc.edu/programs/objects/electronics.htm and http://cws.gtc.edu/programs/objects/camtasia.htm
MATERIAL PROPERTIES and CHARACTERISTICS
Chemistry.org presents the Interactive Periodic Table
MatWeb maintains a database of the properties and characteristics of common engineering materials such as thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and fibers.
RESEARCH
LIFECYCLE ENERGY ANALYSIS
Maclean, H. L. & Lester B.L. (1988). A life-cycle model of an automobile. Environmental Policy Analysis, 3(7), p. 322A-330A. Overview available at http://www.ilea.org/lcas/macleanlave1998.html
"ScienceDirect has evolved from a web database of Elsevier Science journals to one of the world's largest providers of scientific, technical and medical (STM) literature." Table of Content anss abstracts are available free for each journal issue. ScienceDirect is available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/
RESOURCES: MEDIA
GEARS Educational Systems, LLC offers projects (such as Newton's Cart), products, lessons, and online images relevant to a study of energy processing and robotics.
Iowa Public Television presents Explore More: The Future of Energy.
UNIT CONVERSION TOOLS and Calculators
VIDEO
Engr302I Energy and Environment Film Series
Teachers' Domain offers several a video (QuickTime) videos, including:
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ISSUES & IMPACTS: Social, Health, Environmental, Political
CARBON: SINKS & SEQUESTRATION
Hydroponics, See http://vertigro.com/ and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIWWetAw6h0&feature=related
U.S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Lab. (n.d.). An introduction to carbon capture and sequestration. [Video]. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from mms://prod-mmedia.netl.doe.gov/carbon_sequestration_sept.wmv
CLIMATE CHANGE
Frontline: Heat (DVD). Full program is online at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/heat/
CONSERVATION
Green Seal works with manufacturers, industry sectors, purchasing groups, and governments at all levels to "green" the production and purchasing chain. We utilize a life-cycle approach, which means we evaluate a product or service beginning with material extraction, continuing with manufacturing and use, and ending with recycling and disposal.
DEREGULATION
Kim-Sung, K. & Baker, C.A. (1999). Understanding household energy use: Consumer awareness and knowledge of electric utility restructuring. AARP Public Policy Institute. Retrieved January 9, 2004, from http://research.aarp.org/consume/dd81_energy.pdf
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS (EMF)
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: Ecosystems and Habitat
OZONE DEPLETION
Environmental Protection Agency specifies the U.S. rules for the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Leak Repair Requirements for Appliances Using Substitute Refrigerants
POPULATION
TailPipe Tally: How much does your vehicle pollute? is a car comparison generator which returns estimated emissions of COx and NOx per year.
POLLUTION, EMISSIONS, and WASTE
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- "The Clean Air Act is the comprehensive Federal law that regulates air emissions from area, stationary, and mobile sources. This law authorizes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect public health and the environment."
- Control of Emissions from
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center gathers data on atmospheric and oceanic levels of carbon dioxide, such as the landmark record of rising atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, high-quality and long-term U.S. climate data and global climate data, and global, regional, and national CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion.
- Coal-fired electric generating plants are the #1 emitters of mercury in the U.S.? Estimates for Indiana in 2002 were 48.5 Mg/year (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).
- Clean-Up
- Superfund, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2004). Retrieved January 14, 2004, from http://www.epa.gov/superfund/
- Global Warming It, "a project of Environmental Defense, is a national campaign to ramp up the fight against global warming, the most critical environmental issue we face. Get the facts, help undo it, and spread the word." The audio-visual descriptions of global warming are particularly informative.
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1999, is available at http://www.epa.gov/air/aqtrnd99/index.html
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) provides information about air pollution, clean air, and air quality. OAR develops national programs, technical policies, and regulations for controlling air pollution and radiation exposure. OAR is concerned with pollution prevention, indoor and outdoor air quality, industrial air pollution, pollution from vehicles and engines, radon, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion and radiation protection.
Technology Transfer Network, National Air Toxics Assessment illustrates the modeled ambient concentration of air toxics by U.S. county in 1996. Retrieved March 10, 2004, from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/nata/mapconc.html
MTBE, Methyl tert-butyl ether is a volatile organic compound (VOC) added to gasoline to oxygenate and increase the octane level of the fuel.
Toccalino, P. (2003). Human-Health Effects of MTBE: A Literature Summary. National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved on January 9, 2004, from http://sd.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/vocns/mtbe_hh_summary.html
Squillace, P.J., Pope, D.A., & Price, C.V. (n.d.). Occurrence of the gasoline additive MTBE in shallow ground water in urban and agricultural areas. National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-114-95. Retrieved on January 9, 2004, from http://sd.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pubs/factsheet/fs114.95/fact.html
Mercury
U.S. Geological Survey. (1997). Mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems. Retrieved on January 9, 2004, from http://water.usgs.gov/wid/FS_216-95/FS_216-95.html
SAFETY
The U.S. National Safety Council describes:
SUSTAINABILITY
M.A. Rose maintains a Sustainability Resource page.
U.S. POLICY and REGULATIONS
U.S. Government Printing Office offers access to Energy Regulations through its Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Access to current bills can also be accessed from http://www.gpoaccess.gov/bills/index.html. For example, the current energy bill can be accessed by entering the bill number, "s. 2095", or the name, "energy bill".
The Environmental Protection Agency specifies the U.S. rules for the Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Leak Repair Requirements for Appliances Using Substitute Refrigerants
March 2004 Conference entitled: Global Challenges for U.S. Energy Policy: Economic, Environmental, and Security Risks: A Joint Conference sponsored by the Brookings Institution, the National Commission on Energy Policy, the American Enterprise Institute, and the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies. Acrobat PDF, audio, and video transcripts available at http://www.brookings.edu/comm/events/20040305.htm
© Author:
M. Annette Rose
URL:
http://arose.iweb.bsu.edu/BSUCourses/ITDPT_204/resources.htm
Last Updated: